Monday 18 April 2011

Sedan Electric Car


Smooth, uninterrupted acceleration. Control in an instant. Feedback and information within arm's reach. Comfort surrounds the driver.
Carry anything needed for a day, a trip, an unexpected shopping spree. The Model S offers luxurious space, seating for five adults and two children, and a second cargo area under the hood.
- Seating for 7
- More cargo space than typical sedans
- Premium interior styling



Choose from one of three battery pack options to suit typical driving needs: 160, 230, or 300 miles per charge. Concerned with Range Anxiety? Like the Roadster, the Model S is engineered to plug into nearly any outlet, anywhere in the world. With the ability to recharge in 45 minutes, the car begs to be driven everywhere you want to go.
- 160, 230, or 300 mile range pack
- 45 minute QuickCharge

Model S performance is second to none. The Model S powertrain offers instant torque at the driver's request. Though designed for comfort, safety, and utility, the coveted Model S does not sacrifice performance. Command control and the Model S delivers the power, acceleration and precise handling of a sports car with quiet simplicity.
- 0-60 in 5.6 seconds
- 120 mph top speed



The Model S powertrain features a liquid-cooled, floor-mounted battery pack and single-speed gearbox. The body design is of stamped aluminum and provides top-notch aerodynamics, style, and safety. The 17-inch touchscreen with in-car 3G connectivity means quick access to streaming radio, gps navigation, restaurant recommendations, and movie showtimes.
- Leading electric powertrain
- 17-inch touchscreen with 3G connectivity
- Amazing aerodynamics


By designing a slim-line battery pack positioned below the floor and combining the motor and power electronics into a compact module between the rear wheels, the Tesla engineering team developed a car that truly integrates Tesla’s proven powertrain. The innovative integration is the key to exploiting the advantages of an electric car and creates new opportunities in safety and performance while maximizing interior space.
The battery pack is a lightweight, high-performance structure in its own right, but when married to the state-of-the-art body structure, the result is a platform with unsurpassed integrity. The Tesla Vehicle Platform enables efficiency, safety, and design not possible in an architecture conceived around the combustion engine.

PREPARING FOR PRODUCTION

Model S Alpha VehicleThe expanded display, unveiled at the 2011 North American International Auto Show, represents Model S at the Alpha phase and publicly demonstrates Tesla’s vehicle engineering prowess.
Before Model S enters production, characteristics such as aerodynamics, stability and handling, crash safety, performance, and range,will have been thoroughly tested using both computer simulations and prototype vehicles. Tesla will complete two vehicle testing phases, Alpha and Beta.The Alpha phase began in 2010 and has already excelled as the meticulous computer simulations predicted.
Quality is a philosophy, and is designed-in from the outset. Computer simulations aided in developing a quality product with modular components and a built-in Quality Manufacturing process using an assembly line running at 20,000 units per year.

BEAUTY IN MOTION

computational fluid dynamicsThe streamlined Model S is a product of unprecedented teamwork between aerodynamicists and designers. Every millimeter of the body has been evaluated using computer simulations and wind tunnel testing to produce second-to-none aerodynamic qualities.
The perfectly flat battery pack provides an ideal starting point for all-important under-car airflow and is supplemented by a flat front under-tray and rear diffuser. The result is aerodynamic perfection more commonly expected of the upper echelons of race cars. Gizmos such as vortex generators and spoilers employed by other vehicles to fix inefficient design are unnecessary on Model S.
Air flows smoothly around Model S, enhancing efficiency and range. Wind tunnel testing has demonstrated a best-in-class drag coefficient, as Tesla computer simulations predicted.

NOT JUST ALONG FOR THE RIDE

Model S Flat Battery Pack
To realize the benefits of its electric powertrain, Tesla employed a holistic approach to vehicle architecture, tightly packaging components throughout the car. The battery pack exemplifies this approach: in addition to protecting the cells it contains, the pack performs many additional roles.
When combined with the body structure, the pack contributes to the overall torsional stiffness, providing an unparalleled stiffness-to-weight ratio amongst production vehicles. The pack integration augments the strength of the passenger cabin, endowing Model S with superior safety. The pack improves underbelly and wheel well aerodynamics and lowers the center of gravity for better handling.
The location of the battery pack below the floor also enables rapid interchangeability. The system is engineered to recharge in 45 minutes. Model S will be available with three range options: 160, 230, and 300 miles.

CONTINUOUS INNOVATION

Model S Rear AxleTesla has poured its learning from the Roadster’s proven, road-tested technology into Model S. The powertrain comprises the battery pack, motor, single-speed gear box, drive inverter, and control software. The system benefits from innovative liquid temperature management.
The Tesla motor is nearly three times as efficient as a gasoline engine, and enables Model S to accelerate from 0 to 60 mph in less than six seconds.
The motor and power electronics are tightly integrated to mount within the rear sub-frame module. The packaging innovations result in more usable, cabin space and a center of gravity lower than is possible in combustion vehicles.

ELECTRIC GIVES YOU MORE

When the Tesla design team asked, “what do we put where the gasoline engine traditionally goes?” The answer was a second trunk. With the motor integrated into the rear axle, Model S provides about twice the storage space of other vehicles in its class. The rear trunk cavity is spacious enough to allow for rear-facing child seats. Gone are space-limiting compromises such as a gas tank, catalytic converter, tailpipe, and engine.

ELEGANT INTEGRATION

Model S Front Suspension
Model S will provide drivers premium ride quality combined with precision handling. The Tesla-designed advanced suspension systems were created to work in harmony with the rigid and light Tesla platform.
The double-wishbone, virtual-steer-axis front suspension and multi-link rear are both lightweight, aluminum intensive designs that optimize tire contact with the road. A gasoline engine forces a typical steering rack to hang below the car, which creates a feeling of numbness when steering. Not so with Model S: the programmable electric power steering, mounted in a rigid structure optimizes feedback from the road to the driver. The battery pack endows Model S with an exceptionally low center of gravity, enhancing stability and minimizing corner roll.
Both suspensions are modular assemblies. The rear module includes not only the sub-frame and suspension, but the motor, gearbox, power electronics, and drive shafts. The complete assembly, an example of Tesla’s aptitude for compact and efficient package design, can be installed on the assembly line as one module.

OBSESSED WITH EFFICIENCY, COMMITTED TO SAFETY

When engineering Model S, Tesla focused on three tenets to increase efficiency: enhanced aerodynamics, weight reduction, and decreased rolling resistance. Weight-saving benefits made aluminum a natural choice for the body and pack structure. Extrusions, stampings, and castings were combined to provide exceptional rigidity and strength.
Together, the body and pack structures work in harmony to efficiently benefit the whole. In the event of collision, the strong frame protects occupants as crumple zones soften and absorbs the energy of an impact. Without the obstructions a combustion engine presents, the front of Model S can be truly optimized for crash safety. Model S is engineered with the intent to achieve 2012 five-star NHTSA safety ratings.


The AC induction motor and single speed gear box create instant torque from 0 rpm. Up to 295 lbs-ft of torque and 288 horsepower are produced as the car smoothly accelerates from 0 to 60 mph in 3.7 seconds.


The electric powertrain enables unprecedented responsiveness. The Roadster becomes an extension of the driver and reacts in an instant. The optional custom-tuned suspension allows the driver to adjust the handling to their preference.

The hand-built, carbon fiber Roadster sets the mark for premium electric cars to come. The monocoque chassis, constructed of resin-bonded and riveted extruded aluminum adds rigidity and strength to the lightweight package.

The Roadster offers supercar performance without supercar emissions. Engineered for efficiency, the zero-emissions Roadster can drive 245 miles per charge. It plugs into nearly any outlet, anywhere in the world.

Chassis

Designed exclusively to support electric drive technology, the monocoque chassis is constructed with resin-bonded and riveted extruded aluminum.

Motor

375 volt AC induction air-cooled electric motor with variable frequency drive.
Roadster Roadster Sport
Torque 273 lb-ft at 0-5,400 rpm 295 lb-ft at 0-5,100 rpm
Horsepower 288 hp (215 kW) at 5,000-6,000 rpm 288 hp (215 kW) at 4,400-6,000 rpm
Max rpm 14,000 rpm 14,000 rpm

Acceleration

Roadster Roadster Sport
Top Speed 125 mph 125 mph
0 to 60 mph 3.9 seconds 3.7 seconds

Transmission

Single speed fixed gear. Reverse drive uses reverse direction of motor, limited to 15 mph.
Overall Final Drive 8.28:1
Final Drive Ratio 3.12:1

Battery

Custom microprocessor-controlled lithium-ion battery with 6,831 individual cells. 3.5 hour charge time from empty to full using the Tesla High Power Wall Connector at 240 Volts and 70 Amps.
Range 245 miles
Expected Battery Life Seven-years or 100,000 miles
Battery heater for cold weather charging to -20 degrees Celsius Standard


Four-wheel independent suspension featuring upper and lower unequal length wishbones and co-axial coil spring telescopic dampers. Standard
Custom Tuned Adjustable Suspension with 10-position adjustable dampers and front and rear adjustable anti-roll bars Optional (Roadster Sport: Standard)
Locking Wheel Lugs Standard
6J x 16 Forged Aluminum Wheels (black or silver) with 175/55 R16 Yokohama Neova AD07 LTS tires at front Optional (Roadster Sport: Standard)
7.5J x 17 Forged Aluminum Wheels (black or silver) with 225/45 R17 Yokohama Neova AD07 LTS tires at rear Optional (Roadster Sport: Standard)

Exterior Features and Options

Carbon Fiber Body Panels Standard
Double-insulated black soft top Standard
Halogen low and high-beam headlamp assemblies Standard
LED tail lights Standard
Clear Coat Carbon Fiber Body Accents Optional
Clear Coat Carbon Fiber Hardtop Optional
Solar Guard Windshield Optional
Paint Armor Optional

Exterior Colors


Forget what you know about the automobile

With its world-class acceleration, handling, and design, the Roadster ranks amongst the world's most coveted sports cars. Its engineering has no equal.

The Drivetrain, Reinvented

The Roadster is powered by a 3-Phase Alternating Current Induction Motor. Small, but strong, the motor weighs just over 115 pounds. 375 volts push up to 900 Amps of current into the motor to create magnetic fields. It delivers 288 peak horsepower and 295 lbs-ft of torque at the driver's command. At top speed, the motor is spinning at 14,000 revolutions per minute.
The motor is directly coupled to a single speed gearbox, above the rear axle. The simplicity of a single gear ratio reduces weight and eliminates the need for complicated shifting and clutch work. The elegant motor does not need a complicated reverse gear - the motor simply spins in the opposite direction.
The unique design maximizes both range and acceleration.  Learn More About the Motor

The Industry's best Battery

Battery Pack
The battery pack in the Tesla Roadster is the result of innovative systems engineering and 20 years of advances in Lithium-ion battery technology. The ingenious pack architecture enables world-class acceleration, safety, range, and reliability.
The pack contains 6,831 lithium ion cells and is the most energy dense pack in the industry, storing 56 kWh of energy.
Roadsters are engineered to charge from nearly any 120-volt or 240-volt outlet. Most Roadster owners find they rarely use a complete charge, and charging each night means their car is ready to drive 245 miles each morning. Learn More About the Battery


Charge Port

Charge PortThe Roadster battery charger is located on-board the car. This means the Roadster can be plugged into any outlet, anywhere in the world - plug in a cell phone, plug in a Roadster. Charge times vary based on the outlet voltage and Amperage. With the Tesla High Power Wall Connector, a Roadster charges in as little as 4 hours from empty, yet most Roadster owners simply “top off” after each trip and start each day with a full charge.

Power Control

The Power Electronics Module functions as a bridge between the charge port, battery, and motor.  It manages and converts current during driving and charging.  As Alternating Current flows into the car from the wall, the Power Electronics Module converts it to Direct Current for storage in the battery. When driving, the Power Electronics Module converts DC back to AC that the motor uses to generate torque. Every electron ever used in a Roadster, from the motor drive to the dome light, flows through the Power Electronics Module. At many operating points, it is 97-98% efficient: less than 2% of converted energy is lost. Learn More About Power Control

Regenerative Braking

The regenerative braking system, completely independent of the brake pedal and brakes, is controlled by the Power Electronics Module. The drive experience is similar to engine braking or downshifting in a gas-powered car. The electric drivetrain instantaneously switches from “drive mode” (forward torque) to “generating mode” (reverse torque) based on the throttle position. When the Roadster was first in development, test drivers worked with the firmware team to fine tune the amount of regenerative braking to optimize both vehicle stability and range. Much higher regenerative torque levels are possible, but could result in loss of traction and a less manageable sports car. Alternatively, less regenerative braking returns less energy back to the battery during stop and go driving, resulting in decreased driving range and overall efficiency.

A Silicon Valley Approach

The Roadster is controlled by state-of-the-art vehicle software. Rooted in Silicon Valley tradition, the code is developed in-house with an intense focus on agile and constant innovation. The system monitors the status of components throughout the car, shares information to coordinate action, and reacts to changing external conditions.  Learn More About Firmware
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Carbon Fiber Body






Carbon FiberThe advantageous strength to weight ratio of carbon fiber means using about 30% less material (by mass) than steel to build a light, strong, and safe body. While some other premium sports cars flaunt carbon fiber body panels, none can be purchased for the price of a Roadster.

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